The study, The elephant in the science staff room, found that many science teacher trainees in England lack confidence when marking mathematical questions commonly used in GCSE science exams. Of the 236 pre-service teachers who took part in the research, only 13.5% were able to answer all questions correctly and confidently. 

The research was prompted by increased mathematical demands in the science curriculum, and led by Dr Caroline Neuberg, Senior Lecturer in Secondary Education (Science) at Leeds Trinity University, alongside educational consultants Dr Liz Nourshargh and Ally Davies.  

The study points to a gap between the mathematical training science teachers receive and the level of maths they are expected to teach and assess. Some teachers, Dr Neuberg noted, “are required to deliver mathematical content they have not fully studied or mastered themselves”.  

“This remains a consequence of the most recent changes to the GCSE specifications, which increased the level of mathematical complexity and the demands placed on teachers,” she added. 

The findings suggest that strengthening teachers’ mathematical skills could improve classroom confidence, increase job satisfaction and raise teaching standards. Dr Neuberg said a lack of confidence in maths can significantly affect teachers’ mental health at work: “I have seen science trainees so anxious about maths that they refused to engage with mathematical tasks. Developing mathematical confidence is fundamental to improving teaching enjoyment and retaining teachers in the profession.” 

Talking about the implications of the research, Dr Neuberg said: “There is a clear and well-evidenced need for accessible, free and targeted Continuous Professional Development (CPD) that supports teachers in strengthening their mathematical knowledge and confidence. We are currently working to galvanise key educational stakeholders to provide coordinated and sustained support for teachers. Ultimately, it will improve outcomes for learners.” 

In response to the findings, the Association for Science Education (ASE) has launched a free Maths in Science Programme, comprising five sessions which focus on key mathematical concepts used in GCSE science, aiming to help teachers refresh their skills, build confidence and feel more assured when teaching the maths underpinning the curriculum. 

The researchers say nationally coordinated professional development in this area could play a key role in strengthening science education across England.