Are you interested in the relationship between societies and crime? Do you want to explore how societies and crime develop in a global context?
Develop your knowledge and understanding of two major disciplines in the field of social sciences with a Criminology and Sociology degree.
You’ll explore traditional areas such as inequality, social stratification, deviance and punishment, as well as more contemporary concerns such as terrorism, environmentalism, global politics, sexuality and media representation.
We use a range of disciplinary approaches to help you develop your knowledge in contemporary sociological theory and practice, as well as a thorough understanding of the various approaches for responding to and explaining crime.
By combining both disciplines, you’ll develop a good grounding in criminology and sociology that keeps your options open for a wide range of careers. At the same time, you’ll have the flexibility to focus more closely on the issues that suit you and your career aspirations, such as crime, deviance and social control.
Professional experience is crucial, so you’ll complete professional work placements as part of your degree. We’ll work with you to match you with one of our employer partners, or we’ll support you in finding your own placement and developing your professional networks through our contacts in the sector. You could also spend a semester at one of our international partner institutions through our Study Abroad programme.
Outside of your degree, you’ll have the opportunity to take specialist employability skills courses to enhance your CV and help you stand out in a competitive job market. These optional short courses blend theory and practical application, so you’ll develop real-world knowledge and expertise as well as the confidence needed to excel in your chosen career in law enforcement, offender rehabilitation, intelligence analysis, social justice or the wider criminal justice system.
Why study with us?
You’ll be taught by experienced social researchers who are passionate about criminology and sociology.
Take charge of your learning through group discussions and collaboration.
You’ll be assessed through various methods, such as coursework, debates, presentations, posters and more, but not via exams. We do this so you have the chance to demonstrate a deeper understanding and application of theory in a variety of assessment forms.
Enhance your employability through the opportunities to take optional, sector-relevant specialist short courses.
Our achievements
3rd in Yorkshire for Teaching among universities in the UK included for Sociology
National Student Survey 2025
2nd in Yorkshire for Learning Opportunities among universities in the UK included for Sociology
National Student Survey 2025
2nd in Yorkshire for Academic Support among universities in the UK included for Sociology
National Student Survey 2025
Criminology is ranked 5th in the UK for student satisfaction
The Complete University Guide 2026 - Sociology discipline (which includes Criminology) student satisfaction subject league table, released June 2025
Course modules
You will study a variety of modules across your programme of study. The module details given below are subject to change and are the latest example of the curriculum available on this course of study.
Year 1
During your first year, you'll study four core modules.
Introduction to Criminology - Core
Explore and examine the origins of criminology, some of its historical debates, concepts, literature and research.
You'll look at the core perspectives and theories related to crime and criminality.
Find out about the history and development of criminology as an academic discipline.
Social Science Skills - Core
Learn the basics of social research, academic writing, presenting and professional development.
Combine your learning from personal experience with an ability to engage in an empathic, ethical and compassionate way.
Reflect on and develop your employability profile, find and apply for placements, and complete a Professional Challenge Project or work placement at the end of semester two.
In the second semester, you'll begin to understand the importance of social research by examining how sociological data may be collected, analysed, displayed and explained effectively.
You'll look at different ways of communicating research and identify the methods used by historical and contemporary criminologists and sociologists.
You'll get advice throughout the year relating to the professional application of your skills.
You'll have regular personal tutor meetings, giving you more personal support and professional skill development.
Identities and Inequalities - Core
Learn about the historical formation and contemporary experiences of identity, inequality, and division across society.
You'll focus on lived experiences and the prevalence of inequalities in the UK and globally.
You'll discover ways to conceptualise and articulate matters of race and ethnicity, gender, disability, health, age, class, and education.
You'll examine the relationship between the individual and society, and how inequalities disadvantage social groups throughout their life.
You'll examine theoretical and empirical work on identity and inequality and explore how inequalities can be challenged, resisted, or changed.
Cities and Communities - Core
You’ll be introduced to the key field of urban sociology.
Explore the thematic, empirical and conceptual aspects of urban sociology in relation to the city of Leeds.
Sociological Theory: Power, Culture and Control
Learn how sociology helps us to understand large-scale social, political and cultural transformations.
Engage critically with traditional canon of west European sociology, and explore concepts such as modernity, capitalism, alienation, anomie, rationalisation and the ‘colour line’.
Consider the challenges posed to the classical canon of sociology by postcolonial and feminist theories. By exploring a diverse range of theories and theories, you’ll acquire the skills to feel confident when approaching theoretical ideas and texts and applying different perspectives to understanding the social world.
Year 2
During your second year, you'll study five core modules.
Victimology - Core
Get an understanding of the history and theories of victimology, the term 'victim' and the social construction of victims.
You'll reflect on the relationship between social inequalities and victimisation in domestic violence, hate crime, sexual violence and corporate crime.
Learn about victimology theories and the experiences and interactions of the victim for both the crime and the criminal justice system.
You'll be encouraged to think critically of the term 'victim' and consider how to improve the victim's experiences.
Digital Lives: Self and Society in a Digital Age - Core
You'll develop a critical understanding of the function and effects of digital technology on society.
We'll cover areas from our everyday digital lives to broader contemporary digital issues affecting society.
We'll explore how digital technologies are connected with the global economy and the exploitation of the global south, as well as structural inequalities perpetuated through algorithmic systems.
The content reflects current concerns, with topics including identity, politics, disinformation and big data.
Crime, Media and Culture - Core
Understand why we view criminals and crime in certain ways, due to cultural factors and the media.
Think critically about crime, crime control and its media coverage.
We'll look at contemporary criminological theories, exploring how crime is constructed and defined by subcultures, the nation-state, the criminal justice system and corporations.
We'll also explore how these theories help us interpret media depictions of crime and crime control.
You'll analyse how mainstream media and social media shape our collective (mis)understanding of a range of crime and crime control.
Research Methods and Professional Placement - Core
You'll explore how to collect, analyse, display and explain social science research data.
You'll find out what it means to be research literate and how to apply this to employment, policies and organisational considerations.
We'll focus on qualitative and mixed methodology in one semester and quantitative methodology in another semester.
You'll look at different ways to communicate research and identify methods used by social scientists.
You'll be able to critically evaluate the strength of research findings and identify appropriate ethical considerations.
You'll also develop skills to plan and begin an independent research project.
You'll finish the module with a six-week professional placement, using your research methods skills and knowledge to think about how research may inform the approaches taken in the workplace.
You can opt to do at least 60 hours of volunteer work instead, spreading out your placement activity over two semesters.
Sociological Theory: Global and Local Connections - Core
You’ll explore and examine a number of dimensions relating to human experience and social life, engaging with contemporary sociological theory in particular.
Enhance your knowledge and understanding of fundamental, theoretical and conceptual frameworks in the discipline of sociology.
Year 3
During your final year, you will study two core modules and will be required to choose two option modules.
Dissertation - Core
Your final year dissertation project is the culmination of your studies.
It's an independent project guided by the support of your supervisor.
It can either be a theoretical-based piece of work, investigating a particular issue within social sciences, or you can take on a piece of primary research.
It should bring together knowledge and understanding from other modules to create a research project that could generate new knowledge, or develops our understanding of the topic.
The proposal for the research project undertaken in SOC 6044 will have been developed and assessed within SOC 5042 Contemporary Research 2.
Professional Learning Through Work - Core
You'll have a flexible range of opportunities to enhance your professional skills and graduate opportunities as this module will be tailored to each student's development.
You'll apply the theoretical understanding you've been developing throughout your degree to a chosen professional context. This could include a work-based project or skills development approach where you will identify and address specific gaps in your portfolio of graduate-level skills.
Genocide Studies - Option
Get a critical introduction to the interdisciplinary field of Genocide Studies.
You'll explore case studies relating to historical and contemporary instances of genocide, and interrogate the memorialisation of genocide.
You'll evaluate international legal mechanisms of genocide prevention.
We may address themes including the relationship of genocide to cognate categories in international legal discourse such as crimes against humanity and ‘ethnic cleansing’, sociological, criminological and social-psychological approaches to perpetration, the aftermath of genocide and the emerging concept of ecocide.
Gender and Society - Option
You'll analyse political and cultural texts covering historical, critical and contextual approaches to gender.
You'll examine the way gender is performed, consumed and contested.
We'll look at issues concerning power, gender and identity, examining debates on the social construction of gender.
Justice, Punishment and Human Rights - Option
Critically explore concepts, debates, literature and research on justice, punishment and human rights.
You'll consider whether the criminal justice system balances these three elements.
You'll explore the history of punishment. You'll engage with criminological theories surrounding the development of penal systems and the rationales underpinning contemporary forms of punishment and look at the work of philosophers including John Rawls, Jeremy Bentham and Robert Nozick.
Develop an understanding of key human rights frameworks, as well as the use – and abuse – of human rights across a range of international cases
Crimes of the 21st Century - Option
We'll explore how much criminological theory can help us understand criminality and harm in the 21st century.
We've already seen dramatic transformations with protests and uprisings, climate change, a global financial crisis and the birth of social media and the dark web.
You'll critically assess which theories can help us understand and respond to the negative consequences of these changes, and why we are willing to inflict harm on others and ourselves.
Policing Priorities - Option
You'll develop an in-depth understand of 21st century policing issues such as cybercrime and terrorism.
We'll explore the role of intelligence agencies and how effective they are at fighting security issues in Britain.
You'll get a critical awareness of the role of police and agencies such as the National Crime Agency and British Security Service (MI5).
Organised Crime - Option
Explore how police, partner agencies and government bodies combat transnational and corporate crime that transcend regional, national and international boundaries.
You'll discover how law enforcement and government bodies have to work together to prevent and detect these often clandestine crimes.
We'll explore the exchange of weapons, drugs and stolen property, and the exploitation of people through human trafficking and modern day slavery.
Scrutinise the infiltration of governments and businesses through fraud, corruption and money laundering.
We'll also look at how technology and the internet facilitate transnational crimes.
Young People, (In)Justice and Crime - Option
Develop a critical understanding of the definitions, explanations and responses related to youth justice and crime.
Understand how to critically appreciate the impact of ethic, gendered, political and cultural inequality and difference in the experience of youth justice and crime control.
Explore issues pertinent to social justice and injustice with regards to children and young people’s lives, through a variety of contemporary theoretical and policy related lenses.
Criminalised Women - Option
Explore the lives and experiences of criminalised women, often a marginalised and unheard demographic of the criminal justice system.
With a growing body of work, underpinned by feminist thought, aiming to recognise the gendered experiences and challenges of criminalised women, you’ll unpick and offer a space to develop critical thought and challenge the patriarchal and neo-liberal agendas within society.
You’ll discuss the intersecting layers of system failure, marginalisation and stigma which saturate women’s experiences, alongside the gendered stereotypes the women face. You’ll consider what can influence both women’s offending and desistance from crime, drawing upon research, policy and practice.
You'll explore the key fields of both Convict Criminology and Lived Experience Criminology and their implications, including thematic, empirical and conceptual contributions and be encouraged to critically evaluate the recent developments of people with ‘lived experience’ of criminality and incarceration to criminological perspectives. The module will scrutinise and conclude whether these contributions are likely to enhance or inhibit knowledge production within the field of criminology.
Criminal Deaths and Society’s Grief - Option
You will explore different ways in which people die in our society, and the grief processes we go through as a society, even if we do not know the victims.
Beginning with an introduction to ways of dying, you'll examine how various manners and methods of death are determined and investigated. This involves a detailed look at forensic and criminal investigations to establish cause and intent, including the role of coroner’s inquests and criminal proceedings when necessary.
You'll learn about societal processes following a death, such as public notifications and organised gatherings, as well as the role of the media in reporting deaths and shaping public perception. You'll consider the emotional landscape of grief, introducing grief models and processes to understand both public and private mourning, with particular attention to how cultural differences shape death celebrations and mourning practices.
You'll analyse the impact of death on victims, highlighting the psychological toll and societal expectations of respectful public grieving and explore how individuals can navigate the complexities of being “respectable public grievers” in the public eye, balancing personal loss with societal norms.
Throughout the module, you'll use case studies to critically evaluate and analyse societal expectations of death and grief and here from guest speakers who can offer unique insights into working with survivors, family members and law enforcement agencies.
Intelligence, Security and the British State - Option
You'll develop an understanding of the role of intelligence agencies in combating insecurity in Britain since 1900. You'll gain an understanding of the role of the British Security Services, Police and Military since the the beginning of the 20th Century, examining critically the changing nature of the threat posed to the British state. You will focus on the way institutions have adapted to varying security concerns from German or Soviet spies, the Troubles in Northern Ireland and the more recent emergence of Terrorism and State Interference. You will also examine the complexity of securitisation within a democratic political framework.
This module focuses on the evolution of security studies as a discipline and its implications for practice. You'll examine a variety of theoretical and empirical materials in order to analyse pressing questions related to issues of war, security and peace in the world today.
Professional work placements
Experience matters. That's why we embed professional work placements within the majority of our standard undergraduate degrees.
How does it work?
Careers and Placements will work with you to find a placement or help you to arrange your own, whether that's in Leeds, another part of the UK or even abroad. You will be able to take part in a series of workshops, events and live ‘employer challenges’ to boost your confidence and prepare you for your placement.
During your placement, you could have an opportunity to gain degree-relevant work experience, build your knowledge of career sectors and secure valuable employer references and industry contacts. This experience will help you to shape your career decisions and find the right path for you.
Our students have completed placements at HM Prison Service, Leeds City Council anti-social behaviour projects, crime prevention projects and with charities that support ex-offenders, the homeless, and drug and alcohol abusers.
To find out how we can help you make your career ambitions a reality, visit:
A variety of assessment methods are used, matched to the learning outcomes for your programme, allowing you to apply and demonstrate the full range of knowledge and skills that you have developed.
For more details on specific assessment methods for this course contact hello@leedstrinity.ac.uk
Programme delivery
Your time on campus, learning through in-person teaching, is at the heart of your academic experience and the way we deliver our programmes. This is supported and further enhanced by additional engagement activities and opportunities provided online and through digital teaching materials. This blended approach seeks to ensure a positive learning and teaching student experience.
Your programme of study has been carefully designed around a three-phase model of delivery:
Preparation: You will be given clear tasks to support you in preparing for live teaching. This could include watching a short-pre-recorded lecture, reading a paper or text chapter or preparing other material for use in class.
Live: All your live teaching will be designed around active learning, providing you with valuable opportunities to build on preparation tasks, interact with staff and peers, and surface any misunderstandings.
Post: Follow-up activities will include opportunities for you to check understanding, for staff to receive feedback from you and your peers to inform subsequent sessions, and for you to apply learning to new situations or context.
Preparation, Live and Post teaching and learning and the digital materials used will vary by course, but will be designed to help you structure your learning, take a full and active part in your course, and apply and test your developing knowledge and skills.
Learning and teaching
At Leeds Trinity we aim to provide an excellent student experience and provide you with the tools and support to help you achieve your academic, personal and professional potential.
Our Learning, Teaching and Assessment Strategy delivers excellence by providing the framework for:
high quality teaching
an engaging and inclusive approach to learning, assessment and achievement
a clear structure through which you progress in your academic studies, your personal development and towards professional-level employment or further study.
We have a strong reputation for developing student employability, supporting your development towards graduate employment, with relevant skills embedded throughout your programme of study.
We endeavour to develop curiosity, confidence, courage, ambition and aspiration in all students through the key themes in our Learning and Teaching Strategy:
Student Involvement and Engagement
Inclusion
Integrated Programme and Assessment Experience
Digital Literacy and Skills
Employability and Enterprise
To help you achieve your potential we emphasise learning as a collaborative process, with a range of student-led and real-world activities. This approach ensures that you fully engage in shaping your own learning, developing your critical thinking and reflective skills so that you can identify your own strengths and weaknesses, and use the extensive learning support system we offer to shape your own development.
We believe the secret to great learning and teaching is simple: it is about creating an inclusive learning experience that allows all students to thrive through:
Personalised support
Expert lecturers
Strong connections with employers
An international outlook
Understanding how to use tools and technology to support learning and development
Entry requirements
Leeds Trinity University is committed to recruiting students with talent and potential and who we feel will benefit greatly from their academic and non-academic experiences here. We treat every application on its own merits; we value highly the experience you illustrate in your personal statement.
Information about the large range of qualifications we accept, including A-Levels, BTECs and T Levels, can be found on our entry requirements page. If you need additional advice or are taking qualifications that are not covered in the information supplied, please contact our Admissions Office.
Entry requirements for this course:
Qualification
Grade
UCAS tariff
104
GCSE requirements
GCSE English Language or English Literature at grade C or 4 (or higher) will be required
Tuition fees cost £9,535 a year for this course in 2025/2026. Students who enrolled in 2024/2025 will also be charged £9,535 for academic year 2025/2026.
Tuition fees for part-time study are charged a pro-rata amount of the full-time equivalent.
Depending on government policy, tuition fees may change in future years.
Tuition fees for 2026/2027 entry will be set in summer 2025.
Living costs, e.g. accommodation, travel, food, will also need to be taken into consideration.
Part-time study is not available for international students on a Student Route Visa.
Additional costs
We advise students that there may be additional course costs in addition to annual tuition fees:
Recommended and required reading lists will be provided at the start of your course. All the books and e-books are available from our Library to borrow but you may choose to purchase your own.
On some courses there may be additional costs, such as field trips, equipment, accreditations, that may be part-funded by the University. More details will be provided at the start of the course.
You'll need to include placement/s travel and associated costs too, however the University will contribute a standard amount towards your total expenditure.
The University provides students with a £6 printing credit each academic year which can be topped up either on campus or online.
For full-time undergraduate courses, you apply through UCAS. That's the University and Colleges Admissions Service.
On your application form, you'll need to know our institution code - it's L24 - and the course code. If you click through to the UCAS website using the button below, it'll take you to the right place with all the information you need.
Undergraduate applications for September 2026 entry are now open.
There's lots more information about the application process on the UCAS website, or you can get in touch with our Admissions team who will be happy to help:
call 0113 283 7123 (Monday to Thursday, 9.00am to 5.00pm, or Friday 9.00am to 4.00pm)
Providing you with the opportunity to develop the professional skills and experience you need to launch your career is at the heart of everything we do at Leeds Trinity University.
Your degree will prepare you for roles within a wide range of organisations and sectors, including the police service, HM Prison Service, rehabilitation services, emergency and security services, local government, public relations, community work, charities and education.
After you graduate, Careers and Placements will help you as you pursue your chosen career through our mentoring scheme, support with CV and interview preparation and access to graduate employability events.
To find out how we can help you make your career ambitions a reality, visit:
Amelia is a Lecturer in Criminology at Leeds Trinity University with a background in Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Analysis.
Amelia teaches across a range of courses and modules within the School and serves as a Managing Director of the MISSPER Unit at Leeds Trinity University, guiding student review teams in their investigation efforts into over 16 long-term missing persons cases across the UK, Canada, Germany and Spain.
In addition to her role within the university, Amelia serves as an Intelligence Analyst at The Counterterrorism Group (CTG) and produces weekly reports for the intelligence community on a range of international events.
Qualifications
MSc in Counter Terrorism
BA (Hons) Criminology and Psychology
Speciality Areas
Counter Terrorism, Counter Terrorism Policing, Counter Terrorism Legislation, Criminology, Criminology and Sociology, and Policing.
Current Research
‘Pre and Post 9/11: An Exploration into Societal and Media Understandings of Extremist Organisations and Counter-Terrorism Preventative Measures in the United Kingdom’ (Bell, 2023) Published in the Internet Journal of Criminology - 9280ee_4048a293a610470498b00f80f1f22664.pdf
Joanna joined Leeds Trinity University in 2022 as Deputy Head of School for Social Sciences. She was previously a Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Criminal Psychology at the University of Derby. Her research interests are in the areas of domestic abuse (victimisation, policing, and risk assessment) and The Dark Tetrad and she teaches on Dissertation, Social Science Skills and Professional Learning Through Work modules.
Joanna’s PhD (awarded in 2018) focused on adult and child victim perceptions of risk in domestic abuse. She is a PhD supervisor and trustee/director of the Rosalie Ryrie Foundation in Wakefield, a charity that aims to break the cycle of abusive behaviours in families.
Qualifications
PhD
PG Cert Higher Education
PG Cert Research in Psychology
MSc Forensic Psychology
BSc (Hons) Psychology
Speciality Areas
Domestic Abuse, Qualitative Research Methods
Current Research
Policing domestic abuse
The Dark Tetrad and dog breed preferences
Publications
Childs, C., Spenser, K., & Adhikari, J. (2024) “I wasn’t broken when I joined, I was when I left”: Experiences of powerlessness among women veterans. Traumatology (in press).
Hughes, S., Adhikari, J., & Goulding, K. (2021). Darker deals? Male dark tetrad preferences for female sex worker services. Heliyon, 7(7).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07389
Hughes, S., & Adhikari, J. (2021). Time wasters? The Dark Tetrad and active procrastination. Journal of Individual Differences., 43(2). https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000357
Nunn, A., Turner, R., Adhikari, J., & Brooks, C. (2021). Derbyshire Virtual School: Creative Mentoring Programme Final Report}. University of Derby. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21498.00967
Natalie joined Leeds Trinity University in May 2020, originally as part of the team delivering the PCDA and DHEP alongside West Yorkshire Police. She wrote a number of modules and assessments and supported the work underpinning the successful Ofsted Inspection. Natalie now works on the Criminology degree programmes whilst actively researching in the areas of criminal justice and desistance with a particular focus on criminalised women. Within her teaching Natalie is passionate about the power of education to bring people together, and about creating inclusive learning environments that also relate to real-world experiences.
Before this Natalie worked at The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and York Saint John’s University delivering and developing a range of teaching across undergraduate and postgraduate Criminology programmes. She has also given guest lectures on her research area and presented at several criminological conferences in a solo capacity but also with colleagues across the discipline. Within research, Natalie values interdisciplinary scholarship and thrives in developing projects with others.
Natalie has also worked for Probation, in research and performance and held a number of volunteering and placement roles within the criminal justice system.
Qualifications
Doctor Of Philosophy
PGCert in Learning and Teaching
MSc Criminology and Criminal Justice
BSc Criminology and Sociology
Speciality Areas
Crime, Desistance, Criminalised Women, Criminal Justice, Victimisation, Prisons, Probation, Stigmatisation, Bereavement, Grief, Loss, Trauma, Qualitative Methodologies, Narrative and Visual Research
Current Research
Natalie is interested in the role relational networks play in the desistance from crime for individuals. Whether those relationships be personal, professional or community-based, linking with the wider sociological debates of personal agency and social structures.
She is currently exploring research that considers the stigmatisation of women involved in the criminal justice system. Specifically looking to consider the role that social media plays in criminalised women’s experiences of stigma. She is also looking to expand her work in what role social media can play in the desistance process for individuals involved in the criminal justice system. Fundamentally considering whether these online environments create spaces for growth and development or labelling and stigmatisation.
Natalie is also developing a project surrounding experiences of bereavement, grief, loss and trauma within the context of probation delivery. This work aims to start conversations and develop knowledge the context of a practitioner's own experiences, the experiences of criminalised individuals and how this is then navigated within the supervisory relationship in practice.
Publications
Waite, S., Darley, D., Eden-Barnard, J., Rutter, N. and Tatton, S. (2024). Women, shame and stigma: responding to (in)justice through zine. Sociological Research Online.
Rutter, N. (2022). Negotiating bereavement and loss: influencing persistence and desistance from crime, Criminology and Criminal Justice. 22 (5), 755-773.
Gibbon, J. and Rutter, N. (2022) Social enterprise activity in prisons: evidencing innovation and co-creation to challenge institutionalised relationships. Public Money and Management. 42 (5), 323-331.
Rutter, N. and Barr, U. (2021) Being a ‘good woman’: Stigma, relationships and desistance, Probation Journal. 68 (2), 166-185.
Rutter, N. (2021). Social media: A challenge to identity and relational desistance, Probation Journal. 68 (2), 243-260.
Books
Rutter, N. (2026) Gender, Relationships and Desistance. Routledge.
Rutter, N. and Waite, S. (2026) Women, Relationships and Criminal Justice. Bristol University Press.
Rutter, N. and Eden, J. (2023). “It is nice to know that for once someone is not just saying that they’re backing your corner, they are actually fucking backing your corner”: The Significance of Relational Factors in Women’s Experiences of Probation Intervention in I. Masson and N. Booth (eds) Handbook of women’s experiences in criminal justice. Taylor and Francis.
Rutter, N. (2023). The power of listening; an ethical responsibility to understand, participate and collaborate. In K. Stockdale and M. Addison (eds) Marginalised Voices in Criminology: Theory, Criminal Justice and Contemporary Research. Routledge.
Barr, U. and Rutter, N. (2023). Desistance and the stigma machine: Being a ‘good woman’. In L. Baldwin (eds) Gendered Justice. Taylor and Francis.
Other
Waite, S., Rutter, N., Darley, D. Eden-Barnard, J. and Tatton, S. (2023). Five (rebel criminologists) go to the conference. The BSC Blog.
Barr, U. and Rutter. N (2022). On being a ‘good woman’: stigma, relationships and desistance. Working Chance Blog.
Rutter, N. (2021). Recognising bereavement experiences within probation delivery. The Probation Quarterly.
Rutter, N. (2020). Narratives of women’s community supervision: Problem gambling, shame, stigmatisation and a challenge to desistance. Howard League for Penal Reform Early Career Academics Network Bulletin. 45, 13-20.
What do you enjoy the most about working in criminology?
The variety of topics and areas we get to critically investigate, the range of opportunities and doors studying and researching within this field can bring and all the fantastic and inspirational people colleagues, students and professionals I get to meet along the way. I love that I learn something new every day that challenges my thinking, perspective and outlook.
Shaun joined Leeds Trinity University in 2023 as a Senior Lecturer in Criminology. He previously was Senior Lecturer in the Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences at the University of Huddersfield, and was a Research Fellow on the Hillsborough Independent Panel project based at the School of Law, Queen's University Belfast.
Shaun's primary research interests lie in the fields of political violence and terrorism, radicalisation, extremism, and counter-extremism.
Recently, his work has focused on Covid-sceptic social movements and far-right groups, particularly in Ireland, which builds on an extensive and ongoing portfolio of research on both Ireland and Northern Ireland.
At Trinity, Shaun teaches the modules “Victimology” and “Justice, Punishment and Human Rights” at undergraduate level, as well as modules on research methods and “Justice and Control in the 21st century” at postgraduate level.
Shaun completed his PhD at Queen's University Belfast, and is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA) and the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS).
Qualifications
PhD (Queen’s University Belfast)
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA)
Speciality Areas
Terrorism, Extremism and Counter-extremism, Victimology, Human Rights and State Crime, Policing divided societies.
Current Research
Shaun's research broadly focuses on terrorism, extremism and counter-extremism, particularly in relation to Ireland, Northern Ireland and Great Britain. More recently, Shaun has taken an interest in debates around radicalisation and extremism, including conspiratorial and anti-state extremism. He has also conducted research on free speech in universities and the teaching and learning of controversial topics.
Publications
Clubb, G., & McDaid, S. (2019). The causal role of ideology and Cultural Systems in radicalisation and de-radicalisation. Journal of Critical Realism, 18(5), 513-528.
McGlynn, C., & McDaid, S. (2019). Radicalisation and higher education: Students’ understanding and experiences. Terrorism and Political Violence, 31(3), 559-576.
Ferguson, N., McDaid, S., & McAuley, J. W. (2018). Social movements, structural violence, and conflict transformation in Northern Ireland: The role of loyalist paramilitaries. Peace and conflict: Journal of peace psychology, 24(1), 19.
Kovras, I., McDaid, S., & Hjalmarsson, R. (2018). Truth commissions after economic crises: political learning or blame game?. Political Studies, 66(1), 173-191.
Lewis, M., & McDaid, S. (2017). Bosnia on the border? Republican violence in Northern Ireland during the 1920s and 1970s. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(4), 635-655.
Books
Radicalisation and Counter-Radicalisation in Higher Education (Emerald, 2018). With C. McGlynn.
Template for Peace: Northern Ireland, 1972-1975 (Manchester University Press, 2013).
Chapters in books
McDaid, S. (2023). Pogroms, presence, myth and memory: August 1969 and the outbreak of the Northern Ireland conflict. In Troubles of the past? (pp. 37-55). Manchester University Press.
McDaid, S., & McAuley, J. (2023). Radical right-wing politics on the island of Ireland. In The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe (pp. 244-257). Routledge.
Podcast Credits
Invited guest, “From Troubles to the Good Friday Agreement. And what's next for Northern Ireland amid Brexit?” The Global Agora Podcast, 15 April 2023.
Invited guest, “Radicalisation and Counter Radicalisation in Higher Education”, Secrets and Spies Podcast, 17 June 2022
Within your field, who do you most admire and why?
I am an historian by background, but when it comes to Criminology, I would have to say Professor Phil Scraton, a well-known critical criminologist and author of Hillsborough: The Truth. Phil has for many years scrutinised state power and injustice, and his work helped the victims of Hillsborough to “set the record straight” about that tragedy. But his research goes well beyond Hillsborough, exploring issues of injustice and the abuse of power in other settings such as the prisons system. I worked under Phil’s management as a researcher for the Hillsborough Independent Panel report after I completed my PhD, and I learned a great deal from him that I still draw upon to this day.
Which fictional representation of policing or investigation do you think portrays it most accurately – and explain why?
I would recommend the French drama “Spiral” (Engrenages) which was shown on BBC4 some years ago. It gives an interesting insight into the French criminal investigation process, which is judge-led, in contrast to the system here in the UK. It also isn’t afraid to tackle difficult issues such as political corruption, morally questionable or unethical police procedures, or wicked social problems such as the impact of inequality. It’s also brilliantly acted, with lots of sharp – and not always very polite – dialogue.
What do you enjoy the most about working in criminology?
I enjoy the fact that the subject area is truly interdisciplinary. To really understand some of the big social challenges like crime, punishment, human rights and state power, you can bring in history, politics, economics, psychology sociology and so on. I also believe a real strength of this subject is the fact that we don’t shy away from challenging or difficult topics – we confront them head on.
Dr Vicki Dabrowski joined Leeds Trinity in 2025 as Senior Lecturer in the School for Social Sciences (Criminology and Policing). She is Programme Lead for BA Criminology and Sociology. She has also worked in several other HE institutions including Liverpool Hope (2021-2025), University of York (2018-2021), Middlesex (2018) and Goldsmiths College (2015-2017). Vicki has also been employed in research related roles at Middlesex University, The British Academy and within various NGOs.
Vicki’s PhD was funded by the ESRC (2013-2017) and explored the role of the State in shaping young women’s experiences of UK austerity. Her book ‘Austerity, Women and the Role of the State: Lived Experiences of Crisis’ (2020) based on this project was shortlisted for the BSA Philip Abrams Memorial Prize in 2021.
Vicki is the co-founder of the Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN). PRAN is an independent, collectively run advocacy network, established in June 2023 which brings together and facilitates collaborations and knowledge exchange among a wide membership base of non-governmental organisations, civil society, local authorities, the NHS, academia, the media, and members of the general public.
Qualifications
PhD in Sociology (Goldsmiths College, University of London)
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA)
PG Cert in the Management of Learning and Teaching
Speciality Areas
Vicki’s research focuses on the role of the State in shaping classed and gendered forms of social harm and inequality. Her work seeks to understand the mechanisms by which forms of inequality are reproduced, legitimised but also resisted through a focus on everyday lived experiences.
Current Research
Vicki is currently conducting research into the effects of the cost-of-living crisis. Current projects include ‘Understanding Higher Education Students’ Experiences’ (with Dr Natalija Atas) and ‘Motherhood, Care and Cushioning during the Crisis’. She is also exploring the intersection of reproductive health, rights and lived experiences.
Publications
Atas, N & Dabrowski, V. (2025). Understanding the cost-of-living crisis in the United Kingdom. Social Policy and Administration. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.13124
Dabrowski, V., Atas, N., Ramsey, T., & Howarth, N. (2024). ‘Money anxiety’: understanding HE students' experiences of the cost-of-living crisis. Social Policy and Administration. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.13048
Dabrowski, V. (2020). Neoliberal feminism: legitimising the gendered moral project of austerity. The Sociological Review, 61(9), 90-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120938289
Books
Dabrowski, V. (2020). Austerity, women and the role of the state: lived experiences of the crisis. Bristol University Press.
Dabrowski, V. (2023). A pragmatic politics of the present? mood and mothering in a context of crises. In K. Heidemann (Ed.), Combating crises from below: social responses to polycrisis in Europe Maastricht University Press. https://doi.org/10.26481/mup.2301.03
Dabrowski, V., & Milne, E. (2022). Imprisoned women and reproductive health: a site of reproductive rights violation? In I. Masson, & N. Booth (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of women's experiences of criminal justice Routledge.
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